Iran's deep-bunkered weapons sites are frustrating Trump

American bombs, cruise missiles and latest state of the art drones have laid waste to Iranian bridges, coastal defences, control towers and other military installations in the past week. But even as President Trump threatens to escalate the war and hit his enemy ever harder, Iran has so far proved capable of retaliating with its own strikes. Iran is relying on its survival as a military power, capable of confronting the US, on a network of underground “missile cities” and a developing nuclear site buried so deep in a mountain no American bomb can reach it. These deep, bunkered facilities stand between victory for Trump and a long drawn-out war which no one wins. In one of several interviews last week, the president declared the US would soon be targeting the nuclear complex known as “Pickaxe Mountain”, which is an affront to his demand that Iran should never pursue a nuclear weapon. Trump said the site buried under a granite mountain would receive “a nice big fat shot right in the front door”. The underground site, formally known as Kuh-e Kolang Gaz La (Kolang meaning pickaxe) is not yet operational but is located immediately southwest of Natanz, one of three nuclear sites hit by the US and Israel in Operation Midnight Hammer in June last year. So far, Pickaxe Mountain has not been targeted, even though US intelligence believes it’s being built to produce gas centrifuges for enriching uranium to weapons-grade level and for the enriching process itself. It has two pairs of extensively hardened entrances, east and west, and the caverns below where nuclear production work could be carried out are estimated to be more than 100 metres deep (about 330ft). Trump’s reference to hitting the site “in the front door” suggests any attack would aim to seal off the entrances rather than try to penetrate deep enough to demolish the underground caverns. The US air force has only one conventional bomb type capable of reaching deeply-buried facilities. But the 30,000lb GBU-57 massive ordnance penetrator (MOP), dropped by B-2 stealth bombers on Natanz and the two other nuclear sites at Fordow and Isfahan last year, can penetrate “only” an estimated 200ft underground. “An attack on Pickaxe Mountain could target the above-ground incoming power supply lines, the location of ventilation shafts [which is what the B-2s targeted in the attacks on the three other sites in June last year] and the open tunnel entrances,” the Washington-based Institute for Science and International Security predicted. “We’re watching Pickaxe Mountain very closely,” Trump said in the interview with Hugh Hewitt, a conservative talk show host on Salem Radio. “We’re going to take out Pickaxe Mountain. Tell the Iranians to be ready.” However, even with its now limited stock of MOPs - 14 out of an existing stock of around 20 were used up in Operation Midnight Hammer – the US military cannot guarantee putting Pickaxe Mountain out of action for very long. The same challenge has been found with Iran’s deeply-buried missile cities, dozens of underground sites located around the country where medium-range and short-range ballistic missiles and launchers are housed. The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps aerospace force stores the missiles in multi-level tunnel systems, many of them also buried in mountains. Iran last week released a video showing two IRGC commanders (now both dead), touring the tunnels in one of the underground cities, seen lined with missiles and launchers. Previous footage on state media has shown extensive tunnels where stockpiles of weapons are stored. During more than a week of strikes, US Central Command has said its attacks would “degrade” Iran’s missile and drone capabilities. But the large-scale retaliatory attacks launched by Iran against Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, Jordan and elsewhere in the Middle East, have demonstrated that the IRGC’s longstanding plans for war have paid off.